|
Theme
of the week:
Situation Assessment Survey: Some Aspects of Farming
1.
Knowledge, Preference and Awareness of Technological and Institutional
Developments in Farming *
India
has a large
agrarian economy with most of its population subsisting in farming. Union
government’s efforts to improve the economic well being of the farmers
since 1951 is not fruitful to desired extent. To have a dependable and
reliable data on farmers and practice of farming, the Union Ministry of
Agriculture desired a comprehensive socio-economic study of the Indian
farmers, covering educational level, level of living, farming practices,
possession of productive assets, awareness and access to modern
technology, resources availability, indebtedness and host of other
relevant issues. Thus, National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO)
conducted a special survey known as Situation Assessment Survey of farmers
during 2003 in rural areas as part of their 59th round.
According
the Survey, a farmer has been defined as a person who operated some land
(owned or taken on lease or otherwise possessed) and is engaged in
agricultural activities on any part of that land during the 365 days
preceding the date of the survey. Farmer households are defined as one,
which have at least one farmer. Agricultural activities include
cultivation of field and horticultural crops, growing of trees or plants
such as rubber, cashew, coconut, pepper, coffee, tea, etc., animal
husbandry, fishery, bee-keeping, vermiculture, sericulture, etc.
The
report on farming covers certain aspects like farming practices, farmers
awareness of technical and institutional development in farming, resource
availability and use, distribution of farmed area and irrigated area over
different kinds of farming activity and energy used by farmer households
various activities.
Based
on the results of this survey, a theme note has been prepared earlier
covering ‘indebtedness of farmers’ The current note is the second in
the series covering some aspects
of farmers’ profile liketheir educational background, farmers’
attitude to farming, and farmers’ awareness of and access to modern
technology, self-help groups, cooperatives, crop insurance and sources to
procure seeds.
I.
Magnitude of Farmer Households: The Basic Picture
As per the survey, out of
147.9 million rural households, 89.4 million or 60.4 per cent are farmer
households. The southern region states namely, Andhra Pradesh (42 per
cent), Karnatka (58 per cent), Kerala (44 per cent), and Tamil Nadu (35
per cent) had considerably lower percentages of farmer households than
all-India average obviously reflecting better economic diversification of
the region away from farming. Two north- eastern region states of
Arunachal pradesh (8 per cent) and Tripura (39 per cent) had also very low
percentages of farmer households, but this is due to limited scope for
agiculture. On the other hand, in another 12 out of 27 states, 75 per cent
of the rural households were farmer households. In
Jammu and Kashmir
, 91 per cent were farmer households (Table 1).
Region wise, broadly these
proportions thus reflect the advanced scope for agriculture ( northern and
western regions), agriculturally poor and also generally economically poor
states (central and eastern states) and the relatively better progress
recorded both in agriculture and non-agriculture activities.
Table
1: Estimated number of Rural and Farmer Households
|
|
|
Estimated
|
Estimated
Number of
|
|
|
Number
of
|
Farmer
Households
|
|
State/Region
|
Rural
|
('
00)
|
|
|
Households
|
|
|
|
('
00)
|
|
|
Northern
Region
|
83667
|
56380
|
(67.4)
|
|
Haryana
|
31474
|
19445
|
(61.8)
|
|
Himachal
Pradesh
|
11928
|
9061
|
(76.0)
|
|
Jammu
& Kashmir
|
10418
|
9432
|
(90.5)
|
|
Punjab
|
29847
|
18442
|
(61.8)
|
|
North-Eastern
Region
|
70915
|
34874
|
(49.2)
|
|
Arunachal
Pradesh
|
15412
|
1227
|
(8.0)
|
|
Assam
|
41525
|
25040
|
(60.3)
|
|
Manipur
|
2685
|
2146
|
(79.9)
|
|
Meghalaya
|
3401
|
2543
|
(74.8)
|
|
Mizoram
|
942
|
780
|
(82.8)
|
|
Nagaland
|
973
|
805
|
(82.7)
|
|
Tripura
|
5977
|
2333
|
(39.0)
|
|
Eastern
Region
|
342461
|
211140
|
(61.7)
|
|
Bihar
|
116853
|
70804
|
(60.6)
|
|
Jharkhand
|
36930
|
28238
|
(76.5)
|
|
Orissa
|
66199
|
42341
|
(64.0)
|
|
Sikkim
|
812
|
531
|
(65.4)
|
|
West bengal
|
121667
|
69226
|
(56.9)
|
|
Central
Region
|
363672
|
271341
|
(74.6)
|
|
Chattisgarh
|
36316
|
27598
|
(76.0)
|
|
Madhya
Pradesh
|
93898
|
63206
|
(67.3)
|
|
Uttar
Pradesh
|
221499
|
171575
|
(77.5)
|
|
Uttranchal
|
11959
|
8962
|
(74.9)
|
|
Western
Region
|
251364
|
156742
|
(62.4)
|
|
Rajasthan
|
70172
|
53080
|
(75.6)
|
|
Gujarat
|
63015
|
37845
|
(60.1)
|
|
Maharashtra
|
118177
|
65817
|
(55.7)
|
|
Southern
Region
|
372544
|
161578
|
(43.4)
|
|
Andhra
Pradesh
|
142512
|
60339
|
(42.3)
|
|
Karnataka
|
69908
|
40413
|
(57.8)
|
|
Kerala
|
49942
|
21946
|
(43.9)
|
|
Tamil
Nadu
|
110182
|
38880
|
(35.3)
|
|
Uts
|
2325
|
732
|
(31.5)
|
|
All
India
|
1478988
|
893504
|
(60.4)
|
|
Note:
Figures in brackets are percentages of farmer to rural households
|
|
Source:
NSSO (2005), Indebtedness of Farmer Households, 59 th Round (jan-Dec
2003), Report No 498 (59/33/1)
|
2.
Educational Level
Table 2 gives the number
of persons aged 7 years or more who were engaged in farming in 2003 by ten
levels of education as well as the correspondent distribution of all
members of farmer households. Only courses successfully completed are
considered in ascertaining the educational attainment of a person.
|
Table
2 : Number of Persons in Farmer Households aged
7 years and Above by Level of Education
|
|
|
Male
( ' 00)
|
Female
( ' 00)
|
|
|
Farmer
|
All
members*
|
Farmer
|
All
Members*
|
|
Illiterate
|
459573
|
(35.1)
|
590818
|
(28.0)
|
609686
|
(69.2)
|
1046084
|
(52.5)
|
|
Literate
|
850671
|
(64.9)
|
1521050
|
(72.0)
|
271245
|
(30.8)
|
944699
|
(47.4)
|
|
of
which:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Without formal training
|
22183
|
(1.7)
|
32095
|
(1.5)
|
7988
|
(0.9)
|
23915
|
(1.2)
|
|
Below primary
|
132613
|
(10.1)
|
367108
|
(17.4)
|
56397
|
(6.4)
|
284037
|
(14.3)
|
|
Primary
|
206120
|
(15.7)
|
388407
|
(18.4)
|
89556
|
(10.2)
|
278015
|
(14.0)
|
|
Middle
|
246375
|
(18.8)
|
383238
|
(18.1)
|
75119
|
(8.5)
|
216593
|
(10.9)
|
|
Secondary
|
131679
|
(10.0)
|
187917
|
(8.9)
|
28043
|
(3.2)
|
87698
|
(4.4)
|
|
Higher Secondary
|
63045
|
(4.8)
|
92308
|
(4.4)
|
10040
|
(1.1)
|
35344
|
(1.8)
|
|
Diploma
|
5846
|
(0.4)
|
9589
|
(0.5)
|
934
|
(0.1)
|
2685
|
(0.1)
|
|
Graduate
|
33602
|
(2.6)
|
47283
|
(2.2)
|
2790
|
(0.3)
|
13827
|
(0.7)
|
|
Post graduate
|
9208
|
(0.7)
|
13105
|
(0.6)
|
378
|
(0.0)
|
2585
|
(0.1)
|
|
Not
responded
|
290
|
(0.0)
|
465
|
(0.0)
|
113
|
(0.0)
|
833
|
(0.0)
|
|
All-India
|
1310535
|
(100.0)
|
2112333
|
(100.0)
|
881044
|
(100.0)
|
1991615
|
(100.0)
|
|
Note
: Including kith and kin who do farming but do not possess land.
|
|
Source
: NSSO (2005), Some Aspects of Farming, 59th Round ( jan-Dec).
Report No 496 (59/33/3)
|
Out of the 131.1 million
male farmers about 65 per cent were literate and out of 88.1 million
female farmers only 31 per cent were literate. More or less the same trend
is witnessed among all members of farmer households. Out of the 65 per
cent literate farmers about 8 per cent had studied at least upto higher
secondary and the ratio for females were less than two per cent.
In 15 states out of the 27
states, the percentage of literate farmers was more than the all-India
average of 65 per cent. States like Kerala (94 %), Mizoram (92 %) and
Nagaland (90%) topped the literacy list among male farmers. The above
states also top the list among female farmer literacy (Table 3).
|
Table
3: Number of Illiterate and Literate Farmer Households
|
|
(Number
' 00)
|
|
|
Male
|
Female
|
|
State/Region
|
Illiterate
|
Literate
|
Total
|
Illiterate
|
Literate
|
Total
|
|
Northern
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Haryana
|
6641
|
(26.4)
|
18515
|
(73.6)
|
25156
|
15940
|
(68.7)
|
7262
|
(31.3)
|
23202
|
|
Himachal
Pradesh
|
2021
|
(16.2)
|
10453
|
(83.8)
|
12474
|
5593
|
(38.5)
|
8920
|
(61.4)
|
14527
|
|
Jammu
& Kashmir
|
6206
|
(41.7)
|
8677
|
(58.3)
|
14883
|
8321
|
(68.8)
|
3773
|
(31.2)
|
12094
|
|
Punjab
|
8669
|
(36.5)
|
15083
|
(63.5)
|
23752
|
11749
|
(51.9)
|
10889
|
(48.1)
|
22638
|
|
Rajasthan
|
35575
|
(48.1)
|
38386
|
(51.9)
|
73961
|
62835
|
(84.6)
|
11438
|
(15.4)
|
74273
|
|
North-Eastern
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arunachal
Pradesh
|
371
|
(43.8)
|
476
|
(56.2)
|
847
|
391
|
(57.9)
|
285
|
(42.1)
|
676
|
|
Assam
|
6148
|
(14.7)
|
35676
|
(85.3)
|
41824
|
4904
|
(28.6)
|
12209
|
(71.2)
|
17148
|
|
Manipur
|
738
|
(23.2)
|
2438
|
(76.7)
|
3179
|
1338
|
(47.9)
|
1455
|
(52.1)
|
2793
|
|
Meghalaya
|
572
|
(15.1)
|
3214
|
(84.9)
|
3786
|
775
|
(24.5)
|
2388
|
(75.5)
|
3163
|
|
Mizoram
|
119
|
(8.4)
|
1293
|
(91.6)
|
1412
|
126
|
(10.5)
|
1078
|
(89.5)
|
1204
|
|
Nagaland
|
182
|
(9.7)
|
1694
|
(90.3)
|
1876
|
242
|
(14.3)
|
1447
|
(85.7)
|
1689
|
|
Tripura
|
596
|
(18.1)
|
2695
|
(81.8)
|
3295
|
517
|
(40.6)
|
757
|
(59.4)
|
1274
|
|
Eastern
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bihar
|
40856
|
(38.0)
|
66660
|
(62.0)
|
107516
|
28571
|
(84.4)
|
5281
|
(15.6)
|
33852
|
|
Jharkhand
|
17174
|
(40.1)
|
25655
|
(59.9)
|
42829
|
25093
|
(81.6)
|
5658
|
(18.4)
|
30751
|
|
Orissa
|
22917
|
(36.4)
|
39978
|
(63.5)
|
62958
|
32082
|
(77.8)
|
9113
|
(22.1)
|
41236
|
|
Sikkim
|
248
|
(29.3)
|
599
|
(70.7)
|
847
|
342
|
(50.6)
|
334
|
(49.4)
|
676
|
|
West bengal
|
27083
|
(26.6)
|
74734
|
(73.4)
|
101817
|
14442
|
(56.3)
|
11184
|
(43.6)
|
25651
|
|
Central
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chattisgarh
|
14577
|
(34.9)
|
27192
|
(65.1)
|
41769
|
26792
|
(71.1)
|
10890
|
(28.9)
|
37682
|
|
Madhya
Pradesh
|
40028
|
(40.7)
|
58321
|
(59.3)
|
98349
|
53141
|
(77.8)
|
15163
|
(22.2)
|
68304
|
|
Uttar
Pradesh
|
104219
|
(39.6)
|
158960
|
(60.4)
|
263179
|
118763
|
(81.1)
|
27677
|
(18.9)
|
146440
|
|
Uttranchal
|
1268
|
(12.3)
|
9039
|
(87.7)
|
10307
|
6789
|
(54.0)
|
5783
|
(46.0)
|
12572
|
|
Western
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gujarat
|
15961
|
(26.9)
|
43374
|
(73.1)
|
59335
|
31643
|
(62.4)
|
19067
|
(37.6)
|
50710
|
|
Maharashtra
|
24572
|
(25.8)
|
70668
|
(74.2)
|
95240
|
45390
|
(54.3)
|
38202
|
(45.7)
|
83592
|
|
Southern
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Andhra
Pradesh
|
44477
|
(52.1)
|
40806
|
(47.8)
|
85368
|
56346
|
(79.3)
|
14708
|
(20.7)
|
71054
|
|
Karnataka
|
22554
|
(35.4)
|
41158
|
(64.6)
|
63712
|
30504
|
(65.8)
|
15854
|
(34.2)
|
46358
|
|
Kerala
|
1319
|
(6.2)
|
19955
|
(93.8)
|
21274
|
2018
|
(14.6)
|
11807
|
(85.4)
|
13825
|
|
Tamil
Nadu
|
13649
|
(28.8)
|
33744
|
(71.2)
|
47393
|
23803
|
(57.0)
|
17957
|
(43.0)
|
41760
|
|
Uts
|
228
|
(23.7)
|
732
|
(76.2)
|
961
|
446
|
(57.5)
|
330
|
(42.5)
|
776
|
|
All
India
|
459573
|
(35.1)
|
850962
|
(64.9)
|
1310535
|
609686
|
(69.2)
|
271358
|
(30.8)
|
881044
|
|
Note:
Figures in brackets are percentages of total males/females in the
respective states.
|
|
Source:
NSSO (2005), Indebtedness of Farmer Households, 59th
Round (Jan-Dec 2003)
|
|
Report
No. 498 (59/33/1)
|
3.
Awareness of Different Concepts
a
Bio-fertilisers: Bio-fertilisers are not soil nutrients by
themselves. They act as a catalyst or direct agents in making the plant
nutrients available to the soil. Bio-fertilisers carry some bacteria
living in an organic base. Some
examples are Rhizobium, Azotobactor, Phosphate Solubalizing Bacterial (PSB)
etc. Out of the estimated 89.4 million farmer households, only 16.1
million farmer households (18% of total) were aware about bio-fertilisers.
Awareness about bio-fertilisers was very high in Nagaland (70%), Kerala
(55 %), and Tamil Nadu (47 %) (Table 4).
b
Minimum Support Price(MSP): Minimum support price has been
announced by the Government of India with a view to ensuring remunerative
prices to the farmers for their produce on the basis of the
recommendations of Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
The farmers perceive these prices as a guarantee price for their produce
from the government. The government at the commencement of the season
announces the prices, to enable the farmers to pursue their efforts with
the assurance that the prices would not be allowed to fall below the level
fixed by the government. MSP are fixed at incentive level, so as to induce
the farmers to make capital investment for the improvement of their farm
and to motivate them to adopt improved crop production technologies to
step up their production and by their net income.
The
procurement agency pays the minimum support prices to the farmers for
their crops. The important procurement agencies are Food Corporation of
India (FCI) for foodgrains like rice and wheat, Jute Corporation of India
(JCI) for Jute, Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) for cotton and National
Agricultural Co-operative Marketing Federation of India Ltd. (NAFED) for
pulses and oilseeds.
Of the total 89.4 million
farmer households, 62.8 million (70.4%) were unaware about minimum support
price. But 16.9 million farmer households not only know about MSP but also
knew the detail of the procurement agency. Another 8.8 million farmer
households know about MSP but not aware about the procurement agency.
|
Table
4 : Per cent Distribution of Farmer Households Having Awareness of
Some Aspects of Farming
|
|
|
Minimum
Support Price (MSP)
|
Bio-fertiliser
|
World
Trade
Organisation
|
Estd
No
|
|
|
aware
of
|
not
aware
|
Not
|
Aware
|
Not
|
Aware
|
Not
|
of
hhs
|
|
|
procure-
|
of
procur-
|
Aware
|
|
Aware
|
|
Aware
|
('00)
|
|
|
ment
|
ement
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agency
|
Agency
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northern
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Haryana
|
43.6
|
16.0
|
33.3
|
8.7
|
86.4
|
11.4
|
87.7
|
19445
|
|
Himachal
Pradesh
|
12.8
|
9.0
|
78.2
|
11.6
|
88.4
|
8.2
|
91.8
|
9061
|
|
Jammu
& Kashmir
|
15.5
|
11.3
|
73.2
|
28.4
|
71.6
|
7.2
|
92.8
|
9432
|
|
Punjab
|
53.0
|
7.9
|
36.8
|
6.4
|
8.7
|
23.1
|
75.7
|
18442
|
|
Rajasthan
|
5.5
|
5.0
|
89.5
|
10.0
|
90.0
|
2.3
|
97.7
|
53080
|
|
North-Eastern
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arunachal
Pradesh
|
10.2
|
12.2
|
76.0
|
16.3
|
81.7
|
8.2
|
89.8
|
1227
|
|
Assam
|
11.5
|
10.0
|
78.4
|
25.7
|
74.2
|
10.5
|
89.4
|
25040
|
|
Manipur
|
0.5
|
1.1
|
98.0
|
6.9
|
92.8
|
3.7
|
96.2
|
2146
|
|
Meghalaya
|
7.2
|
11.7
|
81.0
|
20.5
|
79.5
|
13.1
|
86.9
|
2543
|
|
Mizoram
|
0.5
|
14.5
|
84.6
|
40.0
|
59.5
|
14.7
|
84.8
|
780
|
|
Nagaland
|
6.1
|
3.2
|
90.0
|
69.8
|
29.1
|
30.7
|
68.2
|
805
|
|
Tripura
|
14.3
|
18.2
|
66.2
|
6.6
|
91.5
|
9.7
|
88.3
|
2333
|
|
Eastern
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bihar
|
8.8
|
9.7
|
80.5
|
13.0
|
86.1
|
8.3
|
90.8
|
70804
|
|
Jharkhand
|
4.0
|
8.4
|
87.4
|
23.2
|
76.6
|
10.7
|
89.1
|
28238
|
|
Orissa
|
9.6
|
2.6
|
87.5
|
15.0
|
84.9
|
2.3
|
97.5
|
42341
|
|
Sikkim
|
1.2
|
6.2
|
92.6
|
18.8
|
81.2
|
6.9
|
93.1
|
531
|
|
West Bengal
|
13.1
|
16.7
|
69.7
|
21.9
|
77.3
|
11.8
|
87.7
|
69226
|
|
Central
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chattisgarh
|
28.7
|
6.5
|
64.8
|
11.3
|
88.7
|
1.4
|
98.6
|
27598
|
|
Madhya
Pradesh
|
19.7
|
9.6
|
70.6
|
10.4
|
89.4
|
2.7
|
97.1
|
63206
|
|
Uttar
Pradesh
|
21.5
|
10.9
|
66.7
|
14.7
|
84.3
|
4.5
|
94.9
|
171575
|
|
Uttranchal
|
9.2
|
13.9
|
77.0
|
26.2
|
73.8
|
13.0
|
87.0
|
8962
|
|
Western
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gujarat
|
14.3
|
10.7
|
73.3
|
10.7
|
88.5
|
5.8
|
93.8
|
37845
|
|
Maharashtra
|
21.1
|
6.5
|
72.2
|
24.2
|
75.8
|
5.8
|
94.1
|
65817
|
|
Southern
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Andhra
Pradesh
|
16.7
|
12.4
|
70.6
|
10.6
|
89.1
|
5.5
|
94.4
|
60339
|
|
Karnataka
|
23.4
|
5.8
|
70.8
|
22.2
|
77.8
|
7.0
|
93.0
|
40413
|
|
Kerala
|
41.6
|
19.4
|
38.9
|
54.6
|
45.2
|
44.0
|
55.9
|
21946
|
|
Tamil
Nadu
|
39.0
|
7.8
|
50.1
|
47.0
|
50.1
|
12.1
|
87.8
|
38880
|
|
Uts
|
37.1
|
4.0
|
58.8
|
30.0
|
66.9
|
12.3
|
87.7
|
732
|
|
All
India
|
19.0
|
9.8
|
70.4
|
18.0
|
81.2
|
7.7
|
92.0
|
893504
|
|
No.of
persons (' 00)
|
169171
|
87845
|
628156
|
161085
|
725238
|
68837
|
821740
|
893504
|
|
Source:
NSSO (2005), Indebtedness of Farmer Households, 59 th Round
(Jan-Dec 2003)
|
|
Report
No. 498 (59/33/1)
|
Among states, awareness of
the MSP and procurement agency by farmer households has been widespread
among the farmer households of Haryana (43.6%) and Kerala (41.6%) (Table
4).
C.
World Trade Organization (WTO): WTO is
the only global international organisation dealing with rules of trade
between nations. Administration of trade agreement, negotiations and
handling trade dispute and monitoring national trade policies, technical
assessment and training for development, cooperation with other
international organisation are the main objective of WTO. It is the result
of
Uruguay
round negotiation 1986-94 and established on 1.1.1995 and located in
Geneva
,
Switzerland
. Present membership is 151.
Farmer
households numbering 82.2 million or 92 per cent of total farmer
households at all-
India
level were not aware about WTO. Within the remaining farmer households,
those in Kerala (44 %) and Nagaland (31%) have good knowledge of WTO
(Table 4).
4.
Farmers Liking for Farming
At all-India level, about
60 per cent of the farmer households reported that they liked farming
(Table 5). The remaining 40 per cent were of the opinion that given a
choice, they would take up some other career. Among this 40 per cent
farmers, 27 per cent farmers do not like farming because the returns are
not worthwhile; about 8 per cent reported that farming has been very
risky. Only two per cent were reported that they do not like farming
because of lack of social status.
There was a striking
similarity among major states where farmers reported their liking for
farming. More than 70 per cent of farmer households
in Arunachal Pradesh (72.1%), Meghalaya (77.4%), and Andhra Pradesh
(75.4%) reported that they like farming as a profession.
|
Table
5 : Per cent Distribution of Farmer Households - Liking and not
Liking Farming as a Profession
|
|
|
Liking
|
Not
Liking Farming due to Reason
|
Total
No. of
|
|
|
Farming
|
Not
|
Lack
of
|
Risky
|
Others
|
Total
|
Farmer
|
|
|
|
Profitable
|
Social
|
|
|
|
Households
|
|
|
|
|
Status
|
|
|
|
(
' 00)
|
|
Northern
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Haryana
|
60.3
|
29.9
|
1.3
|
4.6
|
2.4
|
38.2
|
19445
|
|
Himachal
Pradesh
|
64.9
|
18.4
|
0.7
|
12.2
|
3.8
|
35.1
|
9061
|
|
Jammu
& Kashmir
|
61.5
|
20.9
|
7.7
|
9.0
|
0.9
|
38.5
|
9432
|
|
Punjab
|
60.8
|
27.2
|
1.6
|
2.3
|
5.8
|
36.9
|
18442
|
|
Rajasthan
|
61.2
|
21.5
|
1.1
|
8.4
|
7.8
|
38.8
|
53080
|
|
North-Eastern
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arunachal
Pradesh
|
72.1
|
10.7
|
2.9
|
0.5
|
10.9
|
25.0
|
1227
|
|
Assam
|
59.0
|
21.2
|
2.1
|
13.1
|
4.5
|
40.9
|
25040
|
|
Manipur
|
67.4
|
28.2
|
2.0
|
1.8
|
0.4
|
32.4
|
2146
|
|
Meghalaya
|
77.4
|
15.2
|
0.5
|
6.1
|
0.8
|
22.6
|
2543
|
|
Mizoram
|
50.8
|
34.1
|
7.9
|
6.2
|
0.4
|
48.6
|
780
|
|
Nagaland
|
67.6
|
26.8
|
1.7
|
1.2
|
1.5
|
31.2
|
805
|
|
Tripura
|
52.5
|
20.2
|
2.5
|
17.0
|
5.6
|
45.3
|
2333
|
|
Eastern
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bihar
|
48.6
|
35.2
|
2.2
|
10.7
|
2.4
|
50.5
|
70804
|
|
Jharkhand
|
52.8
|
30.2
|
2.2
|
8.9
|
5.7
|
47.0
|
28238
|
|
Orissa
|
53.1
|
33.8
|
0.4
|
8.9
|
3.6
|
46.7
|
42341
|
|
Sikkim
|
64.6
|
30.2
|
4.5
|
0.5
|
0.2
|
35.4
|
531
|
|
West bengal
|
53.8
|
35.4
|
1.8
|
4.7
|
3.6
|
45.5
|
69226
|
|
Central
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chattisgarh
|
53.7
|
24.2
|
2.6
|
|