|
Theme
of the week:
Economic
Cencus-7
Distribution
of Enterprises By Economics
Activities: Agriculture
Activities*
1.Introduction
The
Economic Censuses conducted by the
Central Statistical Organisation (CSO)
not only cover the censuses of the
number of enterprises spread over
the economy and the persons employed
by them, but also collect
information as to the nature of
economic activities these
enterprises are engaged in. These
economic activities are then grouped
into two main categories, viz.,
agricultural sector and
non-agricultural sector according to
the National Industrial
Classification (NIC) used at the
time of the census. The results of
economic activities canvassed under
the Economic Census 1980 were
grouped by using NIC 1977 (expanded
version). Similarly, NIC 1987 was
used to group data under different
activities canvassed during Economic
Censuses 1990 and 1998. Finally,
data obtained during the recent
Economic Census 2005 (EC 2005) has
been grouped by using NIC 2004.
Thus, there are some chances that
some activities at four-digit level
have been grouped differently under
various NICs and hence there will
occur some differences while
comparing the data under different
Economic Censuses. However, at
two-digit level of classification,
these differences are almost
negligible to make any impact in
their comparison between different
censuses.
This note, the seventh in the
series of notes dealing in different
aspects of data collected through
Economic Censuses, mainly deals with
data grouped under Agricultural
Activities. Here, it may be recalled
that in our earlier notes also, we
have had some brief discussion on
the agricultural activities as
narrowly defined for the Economic
Census studies.
2.
Economic Activities Grouped Under
Agricultural Sector
Agricultural
Enterprise
is defined as one engaged in
livestock production, agricultural
services, hunting, trapping and game
propagation, forestry and logging,
fishing (corresponding to groups
012,013,014,015,020 and 050 of NIC
2004).
Establishments
engaged in activities pertaining to
crop production and plantation
(group 011 of NIC 2004) has been
excluded under the coverage of
Economic Censuses.
A
broad list of activities grouped
under the agricultural sector along
different censuses by using
different NICs has been given below
in Table 1.
|
Table
1:
Broad List of Economic
Activities Under Agriculture,
Hunting, Forestry and Fishing
|
|
NIC
|
|
|
1977
|
1987
|
2004
|
|
|
|
02
|
012
|
Live
Stock Production/Farming of Animals
|
|
|
020
|
020-021
|
|
Cattle
and Goat - breeding, ranching, etc.
production of milk
|
|
021
|
022
|
|
Rearing
of sheep and production of wool
|
|
|
|
022
|
023
|
|
Rearing
of horses, mules, camels and other
pack animals
|
|
023
|
024
|
|
Rearing
of pigs and other animals
|
|
|
|
024
|
025
|
|
Rearing
of ducks, hens and other birds and
production of eggs
|
|
025
|
026
|
|
Rearing
of bees and production of honey and
wax
|
|
|
026
|
027
|
|
Rearing
of silk worms and production of
cocoons and raw silk
|
|
029
|
029
|
|
Rearing
of livestock and production nec.
|
|
|
|
|
|
013
|
Growing
crop combined with Farming of
animals
|
|
|
|
03
|
014
|
Agricultural
Services
|
|
|
|
|
030
|
030
|
|
Pest
destroying, spraying, pruning of
infected stems, etc.
|
|
031
|
031
|
|
Operation
of irrigation system
|
|
|
|
|
032
|
032
|
|
Animal
shearing and livestock products
|
|
|
|
033
|
033
|
|
Grading
of agricultural and livestock
products
|
|
|
034
|
034
|
|
Horticultural
and nursery services
|
|
|
|
035
|
035
|
|
Soil
conversion including soil testing
|
|
|
|
036
|
036
|
|
Scientific
services like soil testing
|
|
|
|
039
|
039
|
|
Agricultural
Services nec (like land clearing,
draining, etc)
|
|
040
|
040
|
015
|
Hunting,
Trapping and Game Propagation
|
|
|
|
05
|
020
|
Forestry
and Logging
|
|
|
|
|
050
|
050
|
|
Planting,
replanting and conservation of
forests
|
|
|
051
|
051
|
|
Logging
-felling and cutting of trees and
preparation
|
|
|
052
|
052
|
|
Production
of fuel (incl. charcoal burning) by
exploitation of forests
|
|
053
|
053
|
|
Gathering
of fodder by exploitation of forests
|
|
|
054
|
054
|
|
Gathering
of uncultivated materials such as
gums, resins, etc
|
|
059
|
059
|
|
Other
forest products nec/Other forest
services nec
|
|
|
|
06
|
050
|
Fishing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
060
|
060
|
|
Ocean,
sea and coastal fishing (commercial
basis)
|
|
|
061
|
061
|
|
Inland
water fishing (commercial basis)
|
|
|
|
062
|
062
|
|
Pisiculture
|
|
|
|
|
|
063
|
063
|
|
Collection
of pearls, conches, shells, sponge
etc
|
|
|
|
064
|
|
Cultivation
of oysters for pearls
|
|
|
|
|
069
|
069
|
|
Fishing
and allied activities nec
|
|
|
|
These
different activities are grouped
into livestock production (farming
of animals according to EC 2005),
agricultural services, hunting,
trapping and game propagation,
forestry and logging and fishing.
All these groups are summed up to
arrive at different characteristics
of agricultural enterprises. The CSO
had disseminated only total
agricultural sector data for the
second, third and fourth Economic
Censuses. But in the latest Economic
Census conducted in 2005, further
classification of agriculture sector
into farming of animals,
agricultural services, etc and
fishing has been disseminated by CSO.
3.
Growth in Agricultural Enterprises
According
to the 5th Economic
Census, there have been 6.08 million
agricultural enterprises in the
country accounting for 14.5 per cent
of the total enterprises in 2005.
Out of these 6.08 million, 5.71
million agricultural enterprises
forming about 94 per cent of the
total agricultural enterprises has
been located in the rural areas and
the remaining 0.4 million in urban
areas. As against this, in 1980
there were 1.46 million agricultural
enterprises spread over rural and
urban
India
with 1.28 million in rural areas. At
this level, the compound average
annual growth rate works out to be
5.9 per cent during the 25-year
period spanning 1980 and 2005.
In 2005, own account
enterprises have numbered 5.13
agricultural enterprises, an
addition of 3.90 million enterprises
during the 25-year period with a
CAGR of 5.9 per cent.
|
Table
2:
Distribution of Enterprises
By Agricultural Economic Activities
|
|
Agriculture,
Hunting, Forestry and Fishing (excl:
Agricultural Production and
Plantation
)
|
|
|
Rural
|
Urban
|
Rural+Urban
|
|
|
OAE
|
Estt.
|
All
|
OAE
|
Estt.
|
All
|
OAE
|
Estt.
|
All
|
|
Number
of Enterprises
|
|
1980
|
1094750
|
189289
|
1284039
|
135355
|
38390
|
173745
|
1230105
|
227679
|
1457784
|
|
1990
|
1843836
|
253244
|
2097080
|
186446
|
48684
|
235130
|
2030282
|
301928
|
2332210
|
|
1998
|
2886236
|
314404
|
3200640
|
216705
|
57460
|
274165
|
3102941
|
371864
|
3474805
|
|
2005
|
4848014
|
860985
|
5708999
|
284205
|
86779
|
370984
|
5132219
|
947764
|
6079983
|
| CAGR
in Number of Enterprises
|
|
1980-90
|
(5.35)
|
(2.95)
|
(5.03)
|
(3.25)
|
(2.40)
|
(3.07)
|
(5.14)
|
(2.86)
|
(4.81)
|
|
1990-98
|
(5.76)
|
(2.74)
|
(5.43)
|
(1.90)
|
(2.09)
|
(1.94)
|
(5.45)
|
(2.64)
|
(5.11)
|
|
1998-05
|
(7.69)
|
(15.48)
|
(8.62)
|
(3.95)
|
(6.07)
|
(4.42)
|
(7.45)
|
(14.30)
|
(8.32)
|
|
1980-05
|
(6.13)
|
(6.25)
|
(6.15)
|
(3.01)
|
(3.32)
|
(3.08)
|
(5.88)
|
(5.87)
|
(5.88)
|
| Share
of Enterprises to Total
Enterprise
|
|
1980
|
75.1
|
13.0
|
88.1
|
9.3
|
2.6
|
11.9
|
84.4
|
15.6
|
100.0
|
|
1990
|
79.1
|
10.9
|
89.9
|
8.0
|
2.1
|
10.1
|
87.1
|
12.9
|
100.0
|
|
1998
|
83.1
|
9.0
|
92.1
|
6.2
|
1.7
|
7.9
|
89.3
|
10.7
|
100.0
|
|
2005
|
79.7
|
14.2
|
93.9
|
4.7
|
1.4
|
6.1
|
84.4
|
15.6
|
100.0
|
| Source:
CSO(2008),Economic Census 2005, All
India
Report and Previous Reports
|
Though
the growth rate of establishment
with hired workers during the
25-year period works out to be 5.9
per cent, the actual addition of
number of enterprises had been only
0.7 million during the period 1980
and 2005 (Table 2).
Table
3 shows the number of directory and
non-directory establishments.
An
establishment with hired worker,
employing six or more persons daily
on a fairly regular basis is termed
as directory establishment. The
addition of agricultural directory
establishment between 1998 and 2005
works out to about 17 thousand, the
entire addition has been in rural
areas.
An
establishment with hired worker,
employing less than 6 persons daily
on a fairly regular basis is termed
as agricultural Non Directory
Establishment whose number got
expanded 5.6 lakh during 1998 and
2005, with 5.3 lakh addition of
agricultural non-directory
establishments in rural areas.
|
Table
3:
Directory and Non-Directory
Establishment (‘ 000 numbers)
|
|
|
|
1998
|
2005
|
|
|
|
NDE
|
DE
|
Total
|
NDE
|
DE
|
Total
|
| Agriculture
|
Rural
|
273
|
41
|
314
|
802
|
59
|
861
|
|
|
Urban
|
48
|
10
|
57
|
77
|
10
|
87
|
|
|
Combined
|
321
|
51
|
372
|
880
|
68
|
948
|
| NDE
- Non-directory enterprises
DE - Directory enterprises
|
| *:
Economic censuses have not been
conducted for
Assam
in 1980 and for J & K in 1990.
|
| Source:
CSO (2008): Economic Census 2005
- All India Report and earlier
issues
|
4:
Distribution of Agricultural
Enterprise
by Three Major Economic Activities
The
fifth Economic Census conducted in
2005, reveals three major activities
pursued by agricultural enterprises
along with employment therein.;
there were thus three major activity
groups’ viz., farming of animals,
agricultural services and fishing.
Out
of 6.1 million enterprises, farming
of animals dominated with its total
share of 87 per cent (5.3 million),
and 94.3 per cent of enterprises
involved in farming of animals were
found in rural areas. Among the 5.3
million enterprises engaged in
farming of animals, 4.5 million
enterprises accounting for about 85
per cent were on account enterprises
and the rest 15 per cent were
establishment with hired workers.
Out of this 0.74 million
establishments with hired workers,
0.71 million enterprises had been
non-directory establishments and
39,406 enterprises had been
directory establishments (Table 4).
About
0.43 million forming about 7 percent
of total enterprises has been
engaged in agricultural services
with 0.31 million of them being own
account enterprises and the
remaining 0.12 lakh comprising of
0.10 lakh has been non-directory
establishments and 15,263 has been
directory establishments.
Different kind of fishing has
been the third major economic
activities of 0.36 million
agricultural enterprises. Among them
major chunk of 0.27 million were
owned by own account enterprises.
Among the remaining 87,371
establishments with hired workers,
73,835 had been non-director
establishment and 13,536 had been
directory establishment.
|
Table
4: Distribution of Agricultural
Enterprises by Major Activities
|
|
(Number
of Agricultural Enterprises)
|
|
|
OAE
|
Estt
|
NDE
|
DE
|
Total
|
| Rural
|
|
|
|
|
|
| All
Agricultural Activities
|
4848014
|
860985
|
802298
|
58687
|
5708999
|
| %
to All
India
|
(94.5)
|
(90.8)
|
(91.2)
|
(86.0)
|
(93.9)
|
| Farming
of Animals
|
4306874
|
679231
|
645038
|
34193
|
4986105
|
| %
to All Activities
|
(88.8)
|
(78.9)
|
(80.4)
|
(58.3)
|
(87.3)
|
| Agricultural
Services
|
303534
|
108757
|
94873
|
13884
|
412291
|
| %
to All Activities
|
(6.3)
|
(12.6)
|
(11.8)
|
(23.7)
|
(7.2)
|
| Fishing
etc
|
237606
|
72997
|
62387
|
10610
|
310603
|
| %
to All Activities
|
(4.9)
|
(8.5)
|
(7.8)
|
(18.1)
|
(5.4)
|
| Urban
|
|
|
|
|
|
| All
Agricultural Activities
|
284205
|
86779
|
77256
|
9523
|
370984
|
| %
to All
India
|
(5.5)
|
(9.2)
|
(8.8)
|
(14.0)
|
(6.1)
|
| Farming
of Animals
|
237768
|
65438
|
60225
|
5213
|
303206
|
| %
to All Activities
|
(83.7)
|
(75.4)
|
(78.0)
|
(54.7)
|
(81.7)
|
| Agricultural
Services
|
10750
|
6967
|
5583
|
1384
|
17717
|
| %
to All Activities
|
(3.8)
|
(8.0)
|
(7.2)
|
(14.5)
|
(4.8)
|
| Fishing
etc
|
35687
|
14374
|
11448
|
2926
|
50061
|
| %
to All Activities
|
(12.6)
|
(16.6)
|
(14.8)
|
(30.7)
|
(13.5)
|
| Rural
+Urban
|
|
|
|
|
|
| All
Agricultural Activities
|
5132219
|
947764
|
879554
|
68210
|
6079983
|
| %
to All
India
|
(100.0)
|
(100.0)
|
(100.0)
|
(100.0)
|
(100.0)
|
| Farming
of Animals
|
4544642
|
744669
|
705263
|
39406
|
5289311
|
| %
to All Activities
|
(88.6)
|
(78.6)
|
(80.2)
|
(57.8)
|
(87.0)
|
| Agricultural
Services
|
314284
|
115724
|
100456
|
15268
|
430008
|
| %
to All Activities
|
(6.1)
|
(12.2)
|
(11.4)
|
(22.4)
|
(7.1)
|
| Fishing
etc
|
273293
|
87371
|
73835
|
13536
|
360664
|
| %
to All Activities
|
(5.3)
|
(9.2)
|
(8.4)
|
(19.8)
|
(5.9)
|
|
Source: CSO(2008), Economic
Census 2005
|
5.
Special Characteristics of
Agricultural Enterprises
The
number of seasonal agricultural
enterprises rose from 209,000 in
1980 to 808,000 enterprises
according EC-2005. However the
growth rate registered a declining
trend over different censuses.
Between 1980 and 1990, CAGR was 8.2
per cent, which declined to 4.9 per
cent in the period 1990-1998 then to
2.6 per cent during 1998-2005. The
average annual growth rate during
the 25-year period works out to 5.6
per cent.
However,
the number of perennial agricultural
enterprises steadily rose during the
period with a compounded annual
average growth rate of 5.9 per cent
during the 25-year period. The trend
was same for both own account
enterprises and establishment with
at least one hired worker. However,
the seasonal agricultural
establishment with at-least one
hired worker there was a notable
increase between 1998 and 2005.
|
Table
5: Special characteristics of
Agricultural Enterprises ( in ' 000
numbers)
|
|
|
1980
|
1990
|
1998
|
2005
|
|
Characteristics
|
OAE
|
Estt.
|
Total
|
OAE
|
Estt.
|
Total
|
OAE
|
Estt.
|
Total
|
OAE
|
Estt.
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No.
of Enterprises
|
1230
|
228
|
1458
|
2030
|
302
|
2332
|
3103
|
372
|
3475
|
5132
|
948
|
6080
|
|
|
(100)
|
(100)
|
(100)
|
(100)
|
(100)
|
(100)
|
(100)
|
(100)
|
(100)
|
(100)
|
(100)
|
(100)
|
| Seasonal
Ent.
|
174
|
35
|
209
|
400
|
57
|
457
|
602
|
70
|
672
|
656
|
151
|
807
|
|
|
(14.1)
|
(15.4)
|
(14.3)
|
(19.7)
|
(18.9)
|
(19.6)
|
(19.4)
|
(18.8)
|
(19.3)
|
(12.8)
|
(15.9)
|
(13.3)
|
| Perennial
Ent.
|
1056
|
193
|
1249
|
1630
|
245
|
1875
|
2501
|
302
|
2803
|
4476
|
797
|
5273
|
|
|
(85.9)
|
(84.6)
|
(85.7)
|
(80.3)
|
(81.1)
|
(80.4)
|
(80.6)
|
(81.2)
|
(80.7)
|
(87.2)
|
(84.1)
|
(86.7)
|
| With
Power
|
38
|
30
|
68
|
91
|
44
|
135
|
179
|
78
|
257
|
375
|
166
|
541
|
|
|
(3.1)
|
(13.2)
|
(4.7)
|
(4.5)
|
(14.6)
|
(5.8)
|
(5.8)
|
(21.0)
|
(7.4)
|
(7.3)
|
(17.5)
|
(8.9)
|
| Without
Power
|
1192
|
198
|
1390
|
1939
|
258
|
2197
|
2924
|
294
|
3218
|
4757
|
782
|
5539
|
|
|
(96.9)
|
(86.8)
|
(95.3)
|
(95.5)
|
(85.4)
|
(94.2)
|
(94.2)
|
(79.0)
|
(92.6)
|
(92.7)
|
(82.5)
|
(91.1)
|
| With
Premises
|
781
|
176
|
957
|
1375
|
237
|
1612
|
2262
|
260
|
2522
|
4058
|
687
|
4745
|
|
|
(63.5)
|
(77.2)
|
(65.6)
|
(67.7)
|
(78.5)
|
(69.1)
|
(72.9)
|
(69.9)
|
(72.6)
|
(79.1)
|
(72.5)
|
(78.0)
|
| Without
Premises
|
449
|
52
|
501
|
655
|
65
|
720
|
841
|
112
|
953
|
1074
|
261
|
1335
|
|
|
(36.5)
|
(22.8)
|
(34.4)
|
(32.3)
|
(21.5)
|
(30.9)
|
(27.1)
|
(30.1)
|
(27.4)
|
(20.9)
|
(27.5)
|
(22.0)
|
| CAGR
in per cent
|
1980-90
|
1990-98
|
1998-05
|
1980-05
|
| No.
of Enterprises
|
5.1
|
2.9
|
4.8
|
5.4
|
2.6
|
5.1
|
7.5
|
14.3
|
8.3
|
5.9
|
5.9
|
5.9
|
| Seasonal
Ent.
|
8.7
|
5.0
|
8.1
|
5.2
|
2.6
|
4.9
|
1.2
|
11.6
|
2.6
|
5.5
|
6.0
|
5.6
|
| Perennial
Ent.
|
4.4
|
2.4
|
4.1
|
5.5
|
2.6
|
5.2
|
8.7
|
14.9
|
9.4
|
5.9
|
5.8
|
5.9
|
| With
Power
|
9.1
|
3.9
|
7.1
|
8.8
|
7.4
|
8.4
|
11.1
|
11.4
|
11.2
|
9.6
|
7.1
|
8.6
|
| Without
Power
|
5.0
|
2.7
|
4.7
|
5.3
|
1.6
|
4.9
|
7.2
|
15.0
|
8.1
|
5.7
|
5.6
|
5.7
|
| With
Premises
|
5.8
|
3.0
|
5.4
|
6.4
|
1.2
|
5.8
|
8.7
|
14.9
|
9.4
|
6.8
|
5.6
|
6.6
|
| Without
Premises
|
3.8
|
2.3
|
3.7
|
3.2
|
7.0
|
3.6
|
3.6
|
12.8
|
4.9
|
3.6
|
6.7
|
4.0
|
| Note:
Figures in brackets are percentages
to total
Source:
CSO(2008), Economic Census 2005, All
India
Report and Previous Issues
|
Number
of enterprises using power has
increased from 68,000 in 1980, then
to 135,000 in 1990, further to
252,200 in 1998 and finally to
541,000 by 2005. At this level the
CAGR works out to 11.2 per cent
during 1998-2005 and over all CAGR
during the period 1980 to 2005
stands at 8.7 per cent. Share of
agricultural enterprises using power
steadily increased from 4.7 per cent
in 1980 to 8.9 percent in 2005 and
the share of agricultural
enterprises without power witnessed
a steady decline over the year.
There was steady increase in the
number of own account enterprises as
well as establishment with at least
one hired worker using power for the
agricultural economic activities.
The
number of agriculture enterprises
with premises grew at CAGR of 6.6
per cent during 1980-2005 and that
working without fixed premises has
also increased, but at a lower CAGR
of 4.0 per cent. While own account
premises working from fixed premises
grew faster at a CAGR of 6.8 per
cent during 1980-2005, that the
growth of establishment with at
least one hired worker operating
without premises grew faster at a
CAGR of 6.7 per cent (Table 4).
6.
Employment in Agricultural
Enterprises
All
Agricultural Enterprises (OAE+Estt)
Agricultural
enterprises employed 10.9 million
people in 2005 as against 2.8
million in 1980, a massive increase
of 8.1 million people in 25-years
with an CAGR of 5.52 per cent (Table
6). The growth rate was fastest
between 1998 and 2005 with CAGR of
7.11 per cent during the period.
|
Table
6 :Employment In Agricultural Sector
|
|
|
1980
|
1990
|
1998
|
2005
|
|
|
Employment
(number in ' 000)
|
| Rural
|
2451
|
4233
|
6133
|
10175
|
| Urban
|
398
|
531
|
616
|
738
|
| All-India
|
2849
|
4764
|
6749
|
10913
|
|
|
Rate
of Employment
|
| Rural
|
1.91
|
2.02
|
1.92
|
1.78
|
| Urban
|
2.29
|
2.26
|
2.25
|
1.99
|
| All-India
|
1.95
|
2.04
|
1.94
|
1.79
|
|
|
CAGR
in Percent
|
|
|
1980-90
|
1990-98
|
1998-05
|
1980-05
|
| Rural
|
5.62
|
4.74
|
7.50
|
5.86
|
| Urban
|
2.93
|
1.87
|
2.61
|
2.50
|
| All-India
|
5.28
|
4.45
|
7.11
|
5.52
|
| Source:
CSO(2008), Economic Census 2005, All
India Report and earlier Census
Reports
|
While
rural agricultural employment grew
from 2.5 million people in 1980 to
10.2 million people in 2005, that in
urban area increased from 0.4
million in 1980 to 0.7 million in
2005. In 2005, the share of
employment in rural area was 93.2
per cent as against 86.0 per cent in
1980. However, a marginal decline in
average worker per enterprises has
been witnessed during the period.
|
Table
7: Hired Employment in Agricultural
Sector
|
|
|
1980
|
1990
|
1998
|
2005
|
|
|
No
of Hired Workers (Numbers in ' 000)
|
|
Rural
|
433
|
680
|
755
|
1948
|
|
Urban
|
121
|
166
|
168
|
238
|
|
All-India
|
554
|
846
|
923
|
2186
|
|
|
Share
of Hired Workers
|
|
|
Rural
|
17.7
|
16.1
|
12.3
|
19.1
|
|
Urban
|
30.4
|
31.3
|
27.3
|
32.2
|
|
All-India
|
19.4
|
17.8
|
13.7
|
20.0
|
|
Source:
CSO(2008), Economic Census 2005, All
India Report and earlier Census
Reports
|
Hired
workers increased from 0.6 million
to 2.2 million during the period
with rural enterprises employing
most of the workers. In 2005, hired
workers formed about 20.0 per cent
of the total workers in agricultural
enterprises, as against 19.5 per
cent in 1980 (Table 7). A marginal
increase of 1.8 per cent were
witnessed in the share of hired
workers in urban areas and a one
percent increase in the share of
hired workers engaged by rural
agricultural enterprises.
Agricultural
Own Account Enterprises (OAE)
|
Table
8: Employment in OAE Agricultural
Enterprises
|
|
|
1980
|
1990
|
1998
|
2005
|
|
|
Employment
(Number in ' 000)
|
|
Rural
|
1809
|
3236
|
4983
|
7424
|
|
Urban
|
232
|
313
|
371
|
415
|
|
All-India
|
2041
|
4764
|
5354
|
7839
|
|
|
Rate
of Employment
|
|
Rural
|
1.65
|
1.75
|
1.73
|
1.53
|
|
Urban
|
1.72
|
1.68
|
1.71
|
1.46
|
|
All-India
|
1.66
|
2.35
|
1.73
|
1.53
|
|
|
CAGR
in per cent
|
|
|
1980-90
|
1990-98
|
1998-05
|
1980-05
|
|
Rural
|
5.99
|
5.54
|
5.86
|
5.81
|
|
Urban
|
3.04
|
2.15
|
1.61
|
2.35
|
|
All-India
|
8.85
|
1.47
|
|